CRiSP1.6 Theory & Calibration Manual: VI.2 - By Subject

VI.2 - By Subject

Bypass Survival

Fish Transportation Oversight Team. 1991. Fish transportation oversight team annual report-FY 1990: transport operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-29. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Ledgerwood, R.D., E.M. Dawley, L.G. Gilbreath, P.J. Bentley, B.P. Sanford, and M.H. Schiewe. 1990. Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon which have passed Bonneville Dam via the spillway or the second powerhouse turbines or bypass system in 1989, with comparisons to 1987 and 1988. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1991. Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon which have passed through the turbines or bypass system of Bonneville Dam second powerhouse, 1990. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

FGE

Anderson, J.J. 1988a. A computer model for fish trajectories at Rocky Reach Dam: Indications that fish avoid low frequency sound made by the submersible traveling screen. In Proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute Conference on Fish Protection at Steam and Hydro Plants, San Francisco Oct. 28-30, 1987. EPRI CS/EA/AP-5663-SR.

----. 1988b. Diverting migrating fish past turbines. The Northwest Environmental Journal 4:109-128.

----. 1991. Fish bypass system mathematical models. In Waterpower `91: proceedings of the International Conference on Hydropower, Denver, Colorado, July 24-26, 1991, ed. D.D. Darling, 2082-2091. American Society of Civil Engineers.

Anderson, J.J, K. Puckett, and R. Nemeth. 1988. Studies on the effect of behavior on fish guidance efficiency at Rocky Reach Dam: Avoidance to strobe light and other stimuli. Fisheries Research Institute Technical Report FRI-UW 8801.

Hays, S.G. 1988. Low fish guidance with a turbine intake subme4rsivle traveling screen due to avoidance behavior: A case study. In Proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute Conference on Fish Protection at Steam and Hydro Plants, San Francisco Oct. 28-30, 1987. EPRI CS/EA/AP-5663-SR.

Krasnow, L.D. 1998. Fish guidance efficiency (FGE) estimates for juvenile salmonids at lower Snake and Columbia River dams, draft report, May 18, 1998. Portland, OR: NOAA, NMFS, Hydropower Program.

Matousek J.A., A.W. Wells, P.M. McGroddy, M.W. Daley and W.C. Micheletti. 1988. Biological evaluation of behavioral barrier devices at a power plant intake located on the Hudson River. In Proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute Conference on Fish Protection at Steam and Hydro Plants, San Francisco Oct. 28-30, 1987. EPRI CS/EA/AP-5663-SR.

Patrick, P.H., R.S. McKinley and W.C. Micheletti. 1988. Field testing of behavioral barriers for cooling water intake structures. In Proceedings of the Electric Power Research Institute Conference on Fish Protection at Steam and Hydro Plants, San Francisco Oct. 28-30, 1987. EPRI CS/EA/AP-5663-SR.

Schöne, H. 1984. Spatial Orientation: the spatial control of behavior in animals and man. translated by C. Strausfeld. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Weihs, D. and P.W. Webb. 1984. Optimal avoidance and evasion tactics in predator-prey interactions. Journal of Theoretical Biology 106:189-206.

Whitney, R.R., L.D. Calvin, M.W. Erho, Jr., and C.C. Coutant. 1997. Downstream passage for salmon at hydroelectric projects in the Columbia River Basin: development, installation, and evaluation. Portland, OR: Northwest Power Planning Council.

Bonneville Dam

Gessel, M.H., D.A. Brege, B.H. Monk, and J.G. Williams. 1990. Continued studies to evaluate the juvenile bypass systems at Bonneville Dam-1989. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Gessel, M.H., L.G. Gilbreath, W.D. Muir, and R.F. Krcma. 1986. Evaluation of the juvenile collection and bypass systems at Bonneville Dam-1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Gessel, M.H., L.G. Gilbreath, W.D. Muir, B.H. Monk and R.F. Krcma. 1987. Evaluation of the juvenile salmonid collection and bypass systems at Bonneville Dam-1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Gessel, M.H., R.F. Krcma, W.D. Muir, C.S. McCutcheon, L.G. Gilbreath, and B.H. Monk. 1985. Evaluation of the juvenile collection and bypass systems at Bonneville Dam-1984. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Gessel, M.H., B.H. Monk, D.A. Brege, and J.G. Williams. 1989. Fish guidance efficiency studies at Bonneville Dam first and second powerhouses-1988. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Gessel, M.H., B.H. Monk, and J.G. Williams. 1988. Evaluation of the juvenile fish collection and bypass systems at Bonneville Dam-1987. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., D. DeHart, M. Gessel, C. Long, and C.W. Sims. 1982. Evaluation of submersible traveling screens, passage of juvenile salmonids through the ice-trash sluiceway, and cycling of gatewell-orifice operations at the Bonneville first powerhouse, 1981. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., W.E. Farr, and C.W. Long. 1980. Research to develop bar screens for guiding juvenile salmonids out of turbine intakes at low head dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers, 1977-79. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., M.H. Gessel, W.D. Muir, C.S. McCutcheon, L.G. Gilbreath, and B.H. Monk. 1984. Evaluation of the juvenile collection and bypass system at Bonneville Dam-1983. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., C.W. Long, C.S. Thompson, W.E. Farr, T.W. Newcomb, and M.H. Gessel. 1979. The development of an improved fingerling protection system for low-head dams, 1978. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Muir, W.D., A.E. Giorgi, W.S. Zaugg, and B.R. Beckman. 1989. An assessment of the relationship between smolt development and fish guidance efficiency at Bonneville Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

The Dalles Dam

Monk, B.H., W.D. Muir, and M.H. Gessel. 1987. Studies to evaluate alternative methods of bypassing juvenile fish at The Dalles Dam-1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Monk, B.H., W.D. Muir, and R.F. Krcma. 1986. Studies to evaluate alternative methods of bypassing juvenile fish at The Dalles Dam-1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

John Day Dam

Brege, D.A., D.R. Miller, and R.D. Ledgerwood. 1987. Evaluation of the rehabilitated juvenile salmonid collection and passage system at John Day Dam-1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., D.A. Brege, and R.D. Ledgerwood. 1986. Evaluation of the rehabilitated juvenile salmonid collection and passage system at John Day Dam-1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., M.H. Gessel, and F.J. Ossiander. 1983. Research at McNary Dam to develop and implement a fingerling protection system for John Day Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Swan, G.A., R.F. Krcma, and C.W. Long. 1982. Research to develop an improved fingerling-protection system for John Day Dam, 1981. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

McNary Dam

Brege, D.A., W.T. Norman, G.A. Swan, and J.G. Williams. 1988. Research at McNary Dam to improve fish guiding efficiency of yearling and subyearling chinook salmon, 1987. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Cramer, S.P., C. F. Willis, and K.L. Witty. 1995. Assessment of negative impacts from spill on survival of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia Basin. Gresham, OR: S.P. Cramer & Associates, Inc.

Krcma, R.F., W.E. Farr, and C.W. Long. 1980. Research to develop bar screens for guiding juvenile salmonids out of turbine intakes at low head dams on the Columbia and Snake rivers, 1977-79. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., M.H. Gessel, and F.J. Ossiander. 1983. Research at McNary Dam to develop and implement a fingerling protection system for John Day Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., C.W. Long, C.S. Thompson, W.E. Farr, T.W. Newcomb, and M.H. Gessel. 1979. The development of an improved fingerling protection system for low-head dams, 1978. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Krcma, R.F., G.A. Swan, and F.J. Ossiander. 1985. Fish guiding and orifice passage efficiency tests with subyearling chinook salmon, McNary Dam, 1984. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

McCabe, G.T., Jr., and R.F. Krcma. 1983. Effects of the intermittent operation of submersible traveling screens on juvenile salmonids, 1982. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Swan, G.A. and W.T. Norman. 1987. Research to improve subyearling chinook salmon fish guiding efficiency at McNary Dam-1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Stuehrenberg, L. and O.W. Johnson. 1990. Evaluation of factors affecting collection efficiency estimates of chinook salmon and steelhead smolts at McNary Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Ice Harbor Dam

Brege, D.A., G.A. Swan, and J.G. Williams. 1988. Fish guiding efficiency studies at Ice Harbor Dam, 1987. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Lower Monumental Dam

Ledgerwood, R.D., G.A. Swan, and R.F. Krcma. 1987. Fish guiding efficiency of submersible traveling screens at Lower Monumental Dam-1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Little Goose Dam

Swan, G.A., A.E. Giorgi, T. Coley, and W.T. Norman. 1987. Testing fish guiding efficiency of submersible traveling screens at Little Goose Dam; is it affected by smoltification levels in yearling chinook salmon? Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Lower Granite Dam

Iwamoto, R.N., W.D. Muir, B.P. Sandford, K.W. McIntyre, D.A. Frost, J.D. Williams, S.G. Smith, and J.D. Skalski. 1994. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1993. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Kiehl, S. 1986. Hydroacoustic evaluation of fish collection efficiency at Lower Granite Dam in Spring 1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Ledgerwood, R.D., W.T. Norman, G.A. Swan, and J.G. Williams. 1988. Fish guiding efficiency of submersible traveling screens at Lower Granite and Little Goose Dams-1987. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

McCabe, G.T. Jr., and R.F. Krcma. 1983. Effects of the intermittent operation of submersible traveling screens on juvenile salmonids, 1982. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Muir, W.D., A.E. Giorgi, W.S. Zaugg, W.W. Dickhoff, and B.R. Beckman. 1988. Behavior and physiology studies in relation to yearling chinook salmon guidance at Lower Granite and Little Goose Dams, 1987. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Swan, G.A., R.F. Krcma, and F.J. Ossiander. 1983. Studies to improve fish guiding efficiency of traveling screens at Lower Granite Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1984. Research to develop an improved fingerling protection system for Lower Granite Dam. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1985. Development of an improved fingerling protection system for Lower Granite Dam 1984. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1986. Continuing studies to improve and evaluate juvenile salmonid collection at Lower Granite Dam-1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Swan, G.A., B.H. Monk, J.G. Williams, and B.P. Sandford. 1990. Fish guidance efficiency of submersible traveling screens at Lower Granite Dam-1989. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Fish Depth

Brege, D.A., S.J. Grabowski, W.D. Muir, S.R. Hirtzel, S.J. Mazur, and B.P. Sandford. 1992. Studies to determine the effectiveness of extended traveling screens and extended bar screens at McNary Dam, 1991. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Columbia River Biological Service. 1994. Preliminary Lower Granite Reservoir juvenile salmon distribution and behavior. Cook, WA: National Biological Service, Columbia River Biological Service.

Dauble, D.D., T.L. Page, and R.W. Hanf. 1989. Spatial distribution of juvenile salmon in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River. Fishery Bulletin 87: 775-790.

Erho, M. 1964. Vertical distribution of coho smolts in the forebay of Merwin Dam in 1964. Olympia: Washington Department of Fisheries.

Johnson, L., A. Murphy, and C. Rawlinson. 1985. Hydroacoustic assessment of downstream migrating salmonids at Lower Monumental Dam in spring 1985. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Krcma, R.F., D.A. Brege, and R.D. Ledgerwood. 1986. Evaluation of the rehabilitated juvenile salmonid collection and passage system at John Day Dam, 1985. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Ledgerwood, R.D., G.A. Swan, and R.F. Krcma. 1987. Fish guiding efficiency of submersible traveling screens at Lower Monumental Dam, 1986. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

McComas, R.L., B.P. Sandford, and D.B. Dey. 1994. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of extended-length screens at McNary Dam, 1993. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Raemhild, G.A., S. Kuehl, and A. Murphy. 1984a. Hydroacoustic assessment of downstream migrating juvenile salmonids at Priest Rapids Dam in summer 1983. Seattle, WA: BioSonics, Inc.

Smith, J.R. 1974. Distribution of seaward-migrating chinook salmon and steelhead trout n the Snake River above Lower Monumental Dam. Marine Fisheries Review 36: 42-45.

Wright, R.J., L. Johnson, and T.H. Schadt. 1986. Hydroacoustic evaluation of juvenile fish passage at Lower Monumental Dam in spring 1986. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Zabel, R.W. 1994. Spatial and temporal models of migrating juvenile salmon with applications. Ph. D. diss., University of Washington, Seattle.

Gas Bubble Disease

Bentley, W.W. and E.M. Dawley. 1981. Effects of supersaturated dissolved gases on northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis. Northwest Science 55(1): 50-61.

Brammer, J.A. 1991. The effects of supersaturation of dissolved gases on the aquatic invertebrates of the Bighorn River downstream of the Yellowtail Afterbay Dam. Master's thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman.

Dawley, E.M. and W.J. Ebel. 1975. Effects of various concentrations of dissolved atmospheric gas on juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Fishery Bulletin 73(4): 787-796.

Dawley, E.M., B.H. Monk, M. Schiewe, F.J. Ossiander, and W.J. Ebel. 1976. Salmonid bioassay of supersaturated dissolved air in water. Ecological Research Series, EPA-600/3-76-056. Duluth, MN: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Research Laboratory.

Ebel, W.J., E.M. Dawley, and B.H. Monk. 1971. Thermal tolerance of juvenile pacific salmon and steelhead trout in relation to supersaturation of nitrogen gas. Fishery Bulletin 69(4): 833-843.

Ebel, W.J., R.F. Krcma, and H.L. Raymond. 1973. Evaluation of fish protection facilities at Little Goose Dam and review of other studies relating to protection of other salmonids in the Columbia and Snake rivers. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS NWFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Ebel, W.J. and H.L. Raymond. 1976. Effect of atmospheric gas supersaturation on salmon and steelhead trout of the Snake and Columbia Rivers. Marine Fisheries Review 39(7): 1-14.

Fidler, L.E. and S.B. Miller. 1994. British Columbia water quality guidelines for dissolved gas supersaturation: draft. Valemount, B.C.: Aspen Applied Sciences Ltd.

Richards, F. A. 1965. Dissolved gases other than carbon dioxide. Chap. 6 in Vol. 1 of Chemical Oceanography, ed. J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow. New York: Academic Press.

Scully, R., E. Buettner, and C. Cummins. 1983. Smolt condition and timing of arrival at Lower Granite Reservoir: annual Report 1983. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Smith, J.R. 1974. Distribution of seaward-migrating chinook salmon and steelhead trout in the Snake River above Lower Monumental Dam. Marine Fisheries Review 36(8): 42-45.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1994a. Dissolved gas abatement: interim letter report. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland and Walla Walla Districts.

White, R.G., G. Phillips, G. Liknes, J. Brammer, W. Connor, L. Fidler, T. Williams, and W.P. Divey. 1991. The effects of supersaturation of dissolved gases on the fishery of the Bighorn River downstream of the Yellowtail Afterbay Dam: completion report. Bozeman: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University.

Hatchery Release Sites

Columbia Basin Inter-agency Committee. 1962-1966. River Mile Indices. Hydrology Subcommittee.

Columbia Basin System Planning. 1988a. Deschutes subbasin: draft. Portland, OR: Northwest Power Planning Council.

----. 1988b. Klickitat subbasin: draft. Portland, OR: Northwest Power Planning Council.

----. 1988c. Snake subbasin: draft. Portland, OR: Northwest Power Planning Council.

----. 1988d. Umatilla subbasin: draft. Portland, OR: Northwest Power Planning Council.

Feist, B. 1991. Hatchery listing. Seattle: University of Washington, School of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Institute.

Fish Passage Center. 1991b. Hatchery release site locations. Fish Passage Data System file containing hatchery releases for the Columbia Basin from 9/01/90 to 9/11/91.

Seidel, P. and R. Bugert. 1987. Lower Snake River compensation plan, Lyons Ferry evaluation program: 1986 annual report. Olympia: Washington Department of Fisheries.

Water Budget Center. 1991. Site definitions listing. Supplied by D. Anderson of Bonneville Power Administration to CRiSP staff.

Hydraulic Capacities at Dams

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1989a. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 49 (revised), book no. 1. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

----. 1989b. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 69, book no. 2. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

Modulators

Chatfield, C. 1989. The analysis of time series: an introduction. 4th ed. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Goel, N.S. and N. Richter-Dyn. 1974. Stochastic models in biology. New York: Academic Press.

Statistical Sciences, Inc. 1990. S-PLUS manual. Seattle, WA: Statistical Sciences, Inc.

Predation Mortality

Anderson, J.J., J.A. Hayes, P.A. Shaw, and R.W. Zabel. 1996. Columbia River Salmon Passage (CRiSP): Model theory, calibration, and validation manual. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.

Beamesderfer, R.C. and B.E. Rieman. 1988. Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmon in a mainstem Columbia Reservoir: Part III. Abundance and distribution of northern squawfish, walleye, and smallmouth bass. In Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in John Day Reservoir. Volume I-Final report of research. Final report 1983-1986. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

----. 1991. Abundance and distribution of northern squawfish, walleye and smallmouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120:439-447.

Beamesderfer, R.C., B.E. Rieman, L.J. Bledsoe, and S. Vigg. 1990. Management implication of a model of predation by a resident fish on juvenile salmonids migrating through a Columbia River reservoir. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 10:290-304.

Burley, C.C., A.C. Klaybor, G.W. Short and G.J. Hueckel. 1991. Report E. Evaluation of the north squawfish sport-reward fishery in the Columbia and Snake rivers. Olympia: Washington Department of Wildlife.

Fish Passage Center. 1986. Estimation of survival. Part 1, Smolt monitoring program annual report 1985. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

----. 1987. Migrational characteristics of Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead trout, 1986. Vol 1, Smolt monitoring program annual report 1986. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Giorgi, A.E., D.M. Miller and B.P. Sanford. 1990. Migratory behavior and adult contribution of summer out-migrating subyearling chinook salmon in John Day Reservoir 1981-1983: annual report of research. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Kitchell, J.F, D.J. Stewart, and D. Weininger. 1977. Applications of a bioenergetic model to yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 24: 1923-1935.

Loch, J.L., D. Ballinger, G. Christofferson, J.A. Ross, M. Hack, C. Foster, D. Snyder, and D. Schultz. 1994. Significance of predation in the Columbia River from Priest Rapids Dam to Chief Joseph Dam: abundance and predation indexing. Report B in Significance of predation in the Columbia River from Priest Rapids Dam to Chief Joseph Dam, ed. C.C. Burley and T.P. Poe. Olympia: Washington Department of Wildlife.

McConnaha, W.E. and L.R. Basham. 1985. Survival of Wells Hatchery steelhead in the Mid-Columbia River, 1984. Part 1: 1984 smolt monitoring program annual report. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1988. Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in John Day Reservoir 1983-1986, Vol.1. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Parker, R., M. Zimmerman, and D. Ward. 1994. Development of a system wide program: indexing and fisheries evaluation. Report G in Development of a system wide program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin, Volume II. Annual Report 1992. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Peters, C.N., D.R. Marmorek, and I. Parnell, eds. 1999. PATH decision analysis report for Snake River fall chinook. Vancouver, B.C.: ESSA Technologies, Ltd.

Petersen, J.H., D.M. Gadomski, and T.P. Poe. 1994. Differential predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus Oregonensis) on live and dead juvenile salmonids in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51(5):1197-1204.

Poe, T.P. and B.E. Rieman. 1988. Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in John Day Reservoir. Volume I-Final report of research. Final report 1983-1986. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Rieman, B.E., and R.C. Beamesderfer. 1990. Dynamics of a northern squawfish population and the potential to reduce predation on juvenile salmonids in a Columbia River reservoir. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 10:228-241.

Rieman, B.E., R.C. Beamesderfer, S. Vigg, and T.P. Poe. 1991. Estimated loss of juvenile salmonids to predation by northern squawfish, walleyes and small mouth bass in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120:448-458.

Stevenson, J. and D. Olsen. 1991. Yearling chinook travel time and flow regime relationships in the John Day Pool, 1989 and 1990. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee.

Thornton, K.W., and A.S. Lessem. 1978. A temperature algorithm for modifying biological rates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107: 284-287.

Vigg, S. 1988. Functional response of northern squawfish predation to salmonid prey density in McNary tailrace, Columbia River. In Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in John Day Reservoir, 1983-1986, ed. T.P. Poe and B.E. Rieman, 174-207. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Vigg, S. and C.Burley. 1991. Temperature dependent maximum daily consumption of juvenile salmonids by norther squawfish (Ptychocheilus Oregonensis) from the Columbia River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48: 2491-2498.

Vigg, S., C. Burley, D. Ward, C Mallette, S. Smith, and M. Zimmerman. 1990. Development of a system-wide predator control program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin. Annual report 1990. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Vigg S., T.P. Poe, L.A. Pendergast and H.C. Hansel. 1988. Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in a mainstem Columbia River reservoir: Consumption rates of northern squawfish, walleye, smallmouth bass, and channel catfish. In Predation by resident fish on juvenile salmonids in John Day Reservoir, 1983-1986, ed. T.P. Poe and B.E. Rieman, 56-115. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

----. 1991. Rates of consumption of juvenile salmonids and alternative prey fishes by northern squawfish, walleyes, smallmouth bass and channel catfish in John Day Reservoir, Columbia River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 120:421-438.

Ward, D.L., M.P. Zimmerman, R.M. Parker and S.S. Smith. 1994. Development of a system-wide predator control program: Indexing, fisheries evaluations and harvesting technology development. Report G in Development of a systemwide program: stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River Basin, annual report 1991. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Ward, D.L., J.H. Petersen, and J.H. Loch. 1995. Index of predation on juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish in the Lower and Middle Columbia River and in the Lower Snake River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124: 321-334.

Ward, D.L. J.H. Peterson, and T.P. Poe. 1993. Index of predation on juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Zimmerman, M.P., and R.M. Parker. 1995. Relative density and distribution of smallmouth bass, channel catfish, and walleye in the Lower Columbia and Snake Rivers. Northwest Science 69:19-28.

Zimmerman, M.P., D.L. Ward, T.A. Friesen, and C.J. Knutsen. 1997. Development of a systemwide predator control program: Indexing and fisheries evaluation. In Development of a systemwide predator control program: Stepwise implementation of a predation index, predator control fisheries, and evaluation plan in the Columbia River basin (Northern squawfish management program), Section II: Evaluation. 1995 Annual Report, ed. F. R. Young. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Reservoir Survival

Bickford, S.A. and J.R. Skalski. 2000. Reanalysis and interpretation of 25 years of Snake-Columbia River juvenile salmonid survival studies. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20(1):53-68.

Chapman, D., A. Giorgi, T. Hilman, D. Deppert, M. Erho, S. Hays, C. Peven, B. Suzumoto, and R. Klinge. 1994. Status of summer/fall chinook salmon in the Mid-Columbia River. Boise, ID: Don Chapman Consultants.

Eppard, M.B., S.G. Smith, B.P. Sandford, G.A. Axel, J.G. Williams, and R.D. McDonald. 1999. Survival estimates for the passage of yearling fall chinook salmon through Rocky Reach and Rock Island Dams, 1998. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Fish Ecology Division.

Hilborn, R., R. Donnelly, M. Pascual, and C. Coronado-Hernandez. 1993. The relationship between river flow and survival for Columbia River chinook salmon: draft. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Hockersmith E.E., S.G. Smith, W.D. Muir, B.P. Sandford, J.G. Williams, and J.R. Skalski. 1999. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1997. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Iwamoto, R.E., W.D. Muir, B.P. Sandford, K.W. McIntyre, D.A. Frost, J.G. Williams, S.G. Smith, and J.R. Skalski. 1994. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1993. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Muir, W.D., S.G. Smith, E.E. Hockersmith, S.F. Achord, R.F. Absolon, P.A. Ocker, M.B. Eppard, T.E. Ruehle, J.G. Williams, R.E. Iwamoto, and J.R. Skalski. 1996. Survival estimates for the passage of yearling chinook salmon and steelhead through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1995. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Muir, W.D., S.G. Smith, E.E. Hockersmith, M.B. Eppard, W.P. Connor, T. Andersen, B.D. Arnsberg. 1999. Fall chinook salmon survival and supplementation studies in the Snake River and lower Snake River reservoirs, 1997. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Muir, W.D., S.G. Smith, R.E. Iwamoto, D.J. Kamikawa, K.W. McIntyre, E.E. Hockersmith, B.P. Sandford, P.A. Ocker, T.E. Ruehle, and J.R. Skalski. 1995. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1994. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Raymond, H.L. 1979. Effects of dams and impoundments on migrations of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead from the Snake river, 1966 to 1975. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 108(6): 505-529.

Raymond, H.L. and C.W. Sims. 1980. Assessment of smolt migration and passage enhancement studies for 1979. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Schreck, C.B., L.E. Davis, D. Klsey and P.W. Wood. 1994. Evaluation of facilities for collection, bypass and transportation of outmigrating chinook salmon: draft. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Sims, C.W, W.W. Bentley, and R.C. Johnsen. 1978. Effects of power peaking operations on juvenile salmon and steelhead trout migrations-Progress 1977. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Sims, C.W., A.E. Giorgi, R.C. Johnsen, and D.A. Brege. 1983. Migrational characteristics of juvenile salmon and steelhead trout in the Columbia River Basin-1982. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1984. Migrational characteristics of juvenile salmon and steelhead trout in the Columbia River Basin-1983. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Sims, C.W, R.C. Johnsen, W.W. Bentley. 1976. Effects of power peaking operations on juvenile salmon and steelhead trout migrations, 1975. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Sims, C.W. and F.J. Ossiander. 1981. Migrations of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead in the Snake River, from 1973 to 1979: a research summary. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Sims, C.W., J.G. Williams, D.A. Faurot, R.C. Johnsen, and D.A. Brege. 1981. Migrational characteristics of juvenile salmon and steelhead trout in the Columbia River Basin and related passage research at John Day Dam. Volumes I & II. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Skalski, J.R., A. Hoffman, and S.G. Smith. 1993. Development of survival relationships using concomitant variables measured from individual smolt implanted with PIT-tags: Annual Report 1990-1991. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Smith, S.G., W.D. Muir, E.E. Hockersmith, S. Achord, MB. Eppard, T.E. Ruehle, and J.G. Williams. 1998. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1996. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Stevenson, J.R., J.R. Skalski, J. Lady, R. Townsend, A.E. Giorgi, and R. McDonald. 2000. A pilot study assessing the feasibility of using radiotelemetry and PIT-tag techniques to estimate project, pool, and dam survival of steelhead smolts at Rocky Reach and Rock Island Dams, 1999, Table 4-2, 4-7. Wenatchee: WA: Public Utility District No. 1 of Chelan County.

Steward, C.R. 1994. Assessment of the flow-survival relationship obtained by Sims and Ossiander (1981) for Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon smolts. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Williams, J.G. and T.C. Bjornn. 1997. Fall chinook salmon survival and supplementation studies in the Snake River and lower Snake River reservoirs, 1995: annual report. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

----. 1998. Fall chinook salmon survival and supplementation studies in the Snake River and lower Snake River reservoirs, 1996: annual report. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Williams, J.G. and G.M. Matthews. 1995. A review of flow and survival relationships for spring and summer chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, from the Snake River Basin. Fishery Bulletin 93: 732-740.

River Geometry and Velocity

U.S. Geological Survey provided data from individual field stations using either USGS Form # 9-207 or "Summary of Discharge Measurement Data" forms.

Nigro, A.A. 1989. Developing a predation index and evaluating ways to reduce salmonid losses to predation in the Columbia River Basin, Table A-2. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1989a. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 49 (revised), book no. 1. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

----. 1989b. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 69, book no. 2. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

----. 1992b. Lower Granite & Little Goose projects: draft. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Wik, S.J., A.L. Shoulders, L.A. Reese, D.F. Hurson, T.D. Miller, L.L. Cunningham, J.P. Leier, L.E. Mettler, P.F. Poolman, J.A. Buck, C.A. Wolff, and J.S. Smith. 1993. 1992 reservoir drawdown test: Lower Granite and Little Goose dams. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Spill Efficiency

Dawson, J., A. Murphy, P. Nealson, P. Tappa, and C. Van Zee. 1983. Hydroacoustic assessment of downstream migrating salmon and steelhead at Wanapum and Priest Rapids Dams in 1983. Seattle, WA: BioSonics, Inc.

Erho, M.W., G.E. Johnson, and C.M. Sullivan. 1988. The salmonid smolt bypass system at Wells Dam on the Columbia River. In Proceedings: fish protection at steam and hydroelectric power plants: San Francisco, California, October 28-30, 1987, ed. W.C. Micheletti, I-55-69. Palo Alto, CA: Electrical Power Research Institute.

Johnson, L., A. Murphy, and C. Rawlinson. 1985. Hydroacoustic assessment of downstream migrating salmonids at Lower Monumental Dam in Spring 1985. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Kudera, E.A., C.M. Sullivan, G.E. Johnson, and A.G. Birmingham. 1991. Evaluation of the smolt bypass system at Wells Dam in 1991. Seattle, WA: BioSonics, Inc.

Parametrix, Inc. 1987. Hydroacoustic evaluation of the spill program for fish passage at the Dalles Dam in 1986: final report. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District.

Raemhild, G., T. Steig, R. Riley, and S. Johnston. 1984b. Hydroacoustic assessment of downstream migrating salmon and steelhead at Rocky Reach Dam in 1983. Seattle, WA: BioSonics, Inc.

Ransom, B.H., G.A. Raemhild, and T.W. Steig. 1988. Hydroacoustic evaluation of deep and shallow spill as a bypass mechanism of downstream migrating salmon and steelhead at Rock Island Dam. In Proceedings: fish protection at steam and hydroelectric power plants: San Francisco, California, October 28-30, 1987, ed. W.C. Micheletti, I-70-84. Palo Alto, CA: Electrical Power Research Institute.

Ransom, B.H., and A.E. Sullivan. 1989. Hydroacoustic evaluation of juvenile fish passage at Lower Monumental Dam in 1989. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation

Boyer, P.B. 1974. Lower Columbia and lower Snake rivers nitrogen (gas) supersaturation and related data analysis and interpretation. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Ebel, W.J., G.E. Monan, W.E. Farr, and G.K. Tanonaka. 1975. Effect of atmospheric gas supersaturation caused by dams on salmon and steelhead trout of the Snake and Columbia Rivers. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Jensen, J.O.T., J. Schnute, and D.F. Alderdice. 1986. Assessing juvenile salmonid response to gas supersaturation using a general multivariate dose-response model. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43:1694-1709.

Richards, F.A. 1965. Dissolved gases other than carbon dioxide. Chap. 6 in Vol. 1 of Chemical Oceanography, ed. J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow. New York: Academic Press.

Roesner, L.A. and W.R. Norton. 1971. A nitrogen gas model for the Lower Columbia River, final report. Walnut Creek, CA: Water Resources Engineers, Inc.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1978. Report on modeling of dissolved nitrogen gas data for the Lower Columbia and Lower Snake rivers, Appendix A. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Water Management Branch, Water Quality Section.

----. 1986. Gasspill: a system spill allocation model for the control of dissolved gas saturation in the Columbia River Basin. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Water Quality Section, Water Management Branch, Engineering Division.

----. 1989a. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 49 (revised), book no. 1. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

----. 1989b. Columbia River and tributaries review study: project data and operating limits. CRT 69, book no. 2. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division, Power Section.

----. 1996a. 1996 water management plan for FCRPS. Attachment 1. List of spill caps. Supplied by Bolyvong Tanovan of Walla Walla District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

----. 1996b. Evaluation and analysis of historical dissolved gas data from the Snake and Columbia rivers. Appendix K in Dissolved gas abatement study, phase 1: technical report. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1997a. 1997 dissolved gas monitoring: Columbia River Basin. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwestern Division, North Pacific Region, Water Management Division, Reservoir Control Center, Fish and Water Quality Section.

----. 1998b. Total dissolved gas abatement at Chief Joseph Dam. In Initial Appraisal Report. Seattle, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District.

Waterways Experiment Station. 1996. 1996 field data line plots. Dallesport, WA: Waterways Experiment Station, Columbia Basin Limnological Research Facility.

----. 1997a. 1997 field data line plots. Dallesport, WA: Waterways Experiment Station, Columbia Basin Limnological Research Facility.

----. 1997b. Total dissolved gas production at spillways on the Snake and Lower Columbia rivers: memorandum for record. To be published in Dissolved gas abatement study, phase 2 report.

Weast, R.C. and S.M. Selby. 1967. Handbook of chemistry and physics. Cleveland: Chemical Rubber Pub. Co.

Transportation

ANCOOR (Analytical Coordination working Group). 1995. A preliminary analysis of the reasons for differences among models in the 1994 Biological Opinion prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Portland, OR: Columbia River Inter-tribal Fish Commission.

Athearn, J.B. 1985. A review of juvenile salmonid transportation operations from 1981 to 1984. In Comprehensive report of juvenile salmonid transportation. Portland, OR: North Pacific Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Basham, L.R., M.R. Delarm, S.W. Pettit, J.B. Athearn, and 2Lt. J.V. Barker. 1983. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1982, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-5. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Baxter, R., D. Hurson, T. Wik, M. Halter, D. Ross, P. Verhey, T. Goffredo, J. Bailey, T. Hillson, J. Kamps, W. Spurgeon, P. Wagner, M. Price, S. Lind, P. Hoffarth, R. Tudor, S. Caromile, and C. Hampton. 1996. Juvenile fish transportation program 1995 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Bonneville Power Administration. 1984. Detailed fishery operating plan with 1984 operating criteria: annual publication, 1984. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration.

Ceballos, J.R., S.W. Pettit, and J.L. McKern. 1991. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1990, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-29. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

----. 1992. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1991, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-31. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Ceballos, J.R., S.W. Pettit, J.L. McKern, R.R. Boyce, and D.F. Hurson. 1993. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1992, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-32. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority. 1986. Detailed fishery operating plan with 1986 operating criteria. Portland, OR: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1987. Detailed fishery operating plan with 1987 operating criteria. Portland, OR: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1988. Detailed fishery operating plan with 1988 operating criteria. Portland, OR: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

Committee on Fishery Operations. 1980. 1979 annual report: Committee on Fishery Operations. Columbia River Water Management Group.

----. 1981. 1980 annual report: Committee on Fishery Operations. Columbia River Water Management Group.

----. 1982. 1981 annual report: Committee on Fishery Operations. Columbia River Water Management Group.

----. 1983. 1982 annual report: Committee on Fishery Operations. Columbia River Water Management Group.

----. 1984. 1983 annual report: Committee on Fishery Operations. Columbia River Water Management Group.

Delarm, M.R., L.R. Basham, S.W. Pettit, J.B. Athearn, and Lt. J.V. Barker. 1984. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1983, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-7. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Fisher, T.R. 1993. Modeling effects of transportation assumptions on the population trends of Snake River chinook salmon: A risk analysis. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Hetherman, L., D. Hurson, M. Halter, D. Ross, P. Verhey, S. Witalis, R. Baxter, J. Bailey, J. Firman, R. Madden, W. Spurgeon, P. Wagner, M. Price, S. Lind, B. Eby, B. Johnson, P. Hoffarth, R. Tudor, and T. Hillson. 1998. Juvenile fish transportation program 1997 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Hurson, D., M. Halter, D. Caruso, C. Morrill, D. Ross, P. Verhey, S. Witalis, R. Baxter, J. Bailey, S. Moyers, S. Rapp, W. Spurgeon, P. Wagner, M. Price, S. Lind, B. Eby, B. Johnson, P. Hoffarth, R. Tudor, and L. Spencer. 1999. Juvenile fish transportation program 1998 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Hurson, D.F., M. Halter, P. Verhey, T Goffredo, D. Ross, C. Morrill, R. Baxter, J. Bailey, T. Hillson, G. Christofferson, W. Spurgeon, P. Wagner, M. Price, B. Eby, C. Hampton, S. Richards, and P. Hoffarth. 1996. Juvenile fish transportation program 1994 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Hurson, D.F., T. Wik, M. Halter, J. Kuras, P. Verhey, C. Morrill, R. Baxter, T. Hillson, B. Lampman, W. Spurgeon, P. Wagner, M. Price, B. Eby, C. Hampton, S. Richards, and P. Hoffarth. 1995. Juvenile fish transportation program 1993 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Karr, M. and M. Maher. 1985. Detailed fishery operating plan with 1985 operating criteria: annual publication, 1985. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration.

Koski, C.H., S.W. Pettit, J.B. Athearn, and A.L. Heindl. 1985. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1984, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-11. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

----. 1986. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1985, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-14. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

----. 1987. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1986, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-18. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

----. 1988. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1987, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-22. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Koski, C.H., S.W. Pettit, and J.L. McKern. 1989. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1988, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-25. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

----. 1990. Fish Transportation Oversight Team annual report - FY 1989, transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/NWR-27. Portland, OR: NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service.

Park, D.L., J.R. Harmon, B.H. Monk, T.E. Ruehle, T.W. Newcomb, L.R. Basham, and T.A. Flagg. 1981. Transportation research on the Columbia and Snake rivers 1980. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Park, D.L., T.E. Ruehle, J.R. Harmon, and B.H. Monk. 1980. Transportation research on the Columbia and Snake rivers 1979. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Park, D.L., J.R. Smith, G.M. Matthews, L.R. Basham, G.A. Swan, G.T. McCabe, T.R. Ruehle, J.R. Harmon, and B.H. Monk. 1979. Transportation activities and related research at Lower Granite, Little Goose, and McNary dams 1978. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Park, D.L., J.R. Smith, E. Slatick, G.M. Matthews, L.R. Basham, and G.A. Swan. 1978. Evaluation of fish protective facilities at Little Goose and Lower Granite dams and review of mass transportation activities 1977. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Park, D.L., J.R. Smith, E. Slatick, G.A. Swan, E.M. Dawley, and G.M. Matthews. 1977. Evaluation of fish protective facilities at Little Goose and Lower Granite dams and review of nitrogen studies relating to protection of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia and Snake rivers, 1976. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Smith, J.R., G.M. Matthews, L.R. Basham, S. Achord, and G.T. McCabe. 1980. Transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers 1979. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Smith, J.R., G.M. Matthews, L.R. Basham, B.H. Monk, and S. Achord. 1981. Transportation operations on the Snake and Columbia rivers, 1980. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWAFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Spurgeon, W., D. Hurson, T. Wik, M. Halter, D. Ross, P. Verhey, R. Baxter, M. Jensen, J. Kamps, P. Wagner, M. Price, S. Lind, M. Plummer, B. Eby, P. Hoffarth, R. Tudor, and S. Caromile. 1997. Juvenile fish transportation program 1996 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1985. Comprehensive report of juvenile salmonid transportation. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

----. 1989c. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1989 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1990. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1990 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1991. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1991 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1992a. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1992 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1993. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1993 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1994b. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1994 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1995. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1995 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Pacific Division.

----. 1996c. Juvenile fish transportation program: 1995 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

----. 1997b. Juvenile fish transportation program: 1996 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

----. 1998a. Juvenile fish transportation program: 1997 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

----. 1999a. Juvenile fish passage plan for 1999 for Corps of Engineers projects. Portland, OR: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Northwest Division.

----. 1999b. Juvenile fish transportation program: 1998 annual report. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District.

Travel Time

Achord, S., G.M. Mathews, O.W. Johnson, and D.M. Marsh. 1996. Use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to monitor migration timing of Snake River chinook salmon smolts. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 16: 302-313.

Berggren, T.J., and M.J. Filardo. 1993. An analysis of variables influencing the migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River basin. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13: 48-63.

Connor, W.P., H.L. Burge, R.D. Nelle, C. Eaton, and R. Waitt. 1996. Rearing and emigration of naturally produced juvenile Snake River fall chinook salmon. In Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin, ed. D. W. Rondorf and K. F. Tiffan. Portland, OR: Bonneville Power Administration.

Dawley, E.M., L.G. Gilbreath, R.D. Ledgerwood, P.J. Bentley, B.P. Sanford, and M.H. Schiewe. 1989. Survival of subyearling chinook salmon which have passed through the turbines, bypass system, and tailrace basin of Bonneville Dam second powerhouse, 1988. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Fish Passage Center. 1986. Smolt monitoring program: annual report 1985. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1987. Brand recapture data. Vol. 2, Smolt monitoring program: annual report 1986. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1989. Fish passage managers: 1988 annual report. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1990. Fish passage managers: 1989 annual report. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1991a. Fish passage center: 1990 annual report. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

----. 1992. Fish passage center: 1991 annual report. Portland, OR: Fish Passage Center of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

Giorgi, A.E., D.M. Miller, and B. Sandford. 1990. Migratory behavior and adult contribution of summer out-migrating subyearlings chinook salmon in John Day Reservoir 1981-1983. Annual report of research. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

----. 1994. Migratory characteristics of juvenile ocean-type chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in John Day Reservoir on the Columbia River. Fishery Bulletin 92(4) 872-879.

Giorgi, A.E., L.C. Stuehrenberg, D.R. Miller, and C.W. Sims. 1986. Smolt passage behavior and flow-net relationship in the forebay of John Day Dam. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Ledgerwood, R.D., E.M. Dawley, L.G. Gilbreath, P.J. Bentley, B.P. Sanford, and M.H. Schiewe. 1990. Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon which have passed Bonneville Dam via the spillway or the second powerhouse turbines or bypass system in 1989, with comparisons to 1987 and 1988. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

----. 1991. Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon that have passed through the turbines or bypass system of Bonneville Dam second powerhouse, 1990. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Marmorek, D.R. and C.N. Peters, eds. 1998. Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses (PATH): preliminary decision analysis report on Snake River spring/summer chinook, Table A.2.3-4B. Vancouver, B.C.: ESSA Technologies, Ltd.

Stevenson, J. and D. Olsen. 1991. Yearling chinook salmon travel time and flow regime relationships in the John Day Pool, 1989 and 1990. Portland, OR: Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee.

Stuehrenberg, L.C., A.E. Giorgi, C.W. Sims, J. Ramonda-Powell, and J. Wilson. 1986. Juvenile radio-tag study: Lower Granite Dam. Annual report 1985. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Zabel, R.W. 1994. Spatial and temporal models of migrating juvenile salmon with applications. Ph. D. diss., University of Washington, Seattle.

Zabel, R.W., J.J. Anderson, and P.A. Shaw. 1998. A multiple-reach model describing the migratory behavior of Snake River yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55(3): 658-667.

Zabel, R.W., and J.J. Anderson. 1997. A model of the travel time of migrating juvenile salmon, with an application to Snake River spring chinook salmon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17(1): 93-100.

Supporting Evidence

Brawn, V.M. 1982. Behavior of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during suspended migration in an estuary, Sheet Harbour, Nova Scotia, observed visually and by ultrasonic tracking. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 39: 248-256.

Hiramatsu, K. and Y. Ishida. 1989. Random movement and orientation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migrations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46:1062-1066.

Holm, M., I. Huse, E. Waatevik, K.B. Doving and J. Aure. 1982. Behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts during seaward migration. I: Preliminary report on ultrasonic tracking in a Norwegian fjord system. In Council Meeting, 1982, of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 11 October 1982. Copenhagen, Denmark: ICES.

Saila, S. B, and R.A. Shappy. 1963. Random movement and orientation in salmon migration. Journal du conseil / Conseil international pour l'exploration de la mer 128: 153-166.

Stasko, A.B. 1975. Progress of migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) along an estuary, observed by radio-tracking. Journal of Fish Biology 7:329-338.

Tyler, P., J.E. Thorpe, and W.M. Shearer. 1978. Ultrasonic tracking of the movements of atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L) in the estuaries of two Scottish rivers. Journal of Fish Biology 12: 575-586.

Turbine Survival/Mortality

Direct Measure Estimates

Oligher, R.C. and I.J. Donaldson. 1966. Fish passage through turbines: tests at Big Cliff hydroelectric plant. Walla Walla, WA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Wall District.

RMC Environmental Services, Inc. and J.R. Skalski. 1993. Turbine passage survival of spring migrant chinook smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington. Drumore, PA: RMC Environmental Services, Inc.

----. 1994. Survival of subyearling fall chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in passage through a Kaplan turbine at the Rocky Reach hydroelectric dam, Washington. Drumore, PA: RMC Environmental Services, Inc.

Weber, K.G. 1954. Testing the effect of a Bonneville draft tube on fingerling salmon. Seattle, WA: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.

Indirect Measure Estimates

Holmes, H.B. 1952. Loss of fingerlings in passing Bonneville Dam as determined by marking experiments. Portland, OR: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Iwamoto, R.E., W.D. Muir, B.P. Sandford, K.W. McIntyre, D.A. Frost, J.G. Williams, S.G. Smith and J.R. Skalski. 1994. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake river dams and reservoirs, 1993. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Ledgerwood, R.D., E.M. Dawley, L.G. Gilbreath, P.J. Bentley, B.P. Sanford, and M.H. Schiewe. 1990. Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon which have passed Bonneville Dam via the spillway or the second powerhouse turbines or bypass system in 1989, with comparisons to 1987 and 1988. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFSC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Long, C.W. 1968. Research on fingerling mortality in Kaplan turbines-1968: internal report. Seattle, WA: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.

Long, C.W., F.J. Ossiander, T.E. Ruehle, and G. Matthews. 1975. Survival of coho salmon fingerlings passing operating turbines. Seattle, WA: NOAA, NMFS, NWFC, Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division.

Muir, W.D., S.G. Smith, E.E. Hockersmith, S.F. Achord, R.F. Absolon, P.A. Ocker, M.B. Eppard, T.E. Ruehle, J.G. Williams, R.E. Iwamoto, and J.R. Skalski. 1996. Survival estimates for the passage of yearling chinook salmon and steelhead through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1995. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Muir, W.D., S.G. Smith, R.E. Iwamoto, D.J. Kamikawa, K.W. McIntyre, E.E. Hockersmith, B.P. Sandford, P.A. Ocker, T.E. Ruehle, and J.R. Skalski. 1995. Survival estimates for the passage of juvenile chinook salmon through Snake River dams and reservoirs, 1994. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife.

Schoeneman, D.E., R.T. Pressey, and C.O. Junge. 1961. Mortalities of downstream migrant salmon at McNary Dam. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 90(1):58-72.

Miscellaneous

Draper, N.R. and H. Smith. 1981. Applied regression analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Gardiner, C.W. 1985. Handbook of stochastic methods for physics, chemistry and the natural sciences. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Gill, P.E., W. Murray, and M. Wright. 1981. Practical optimization. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Henderson, F.M. 1966. Open channel flow. Macmillan Series in Civil Engineering, ed. G. Norby. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.

Hinrichsen, R., T. Frever, J. Anderson, G. Swartzman, and B. Sherer. 1991. Columbia River Salmon Passage (CRiSP) Model. Documentation for CRiSP.0. University of Washington, Seattle.

Matthews, G.V.T. 1966. Book reviews. Animal Behaviour 14:593-4.

Norman, W.T. 1992. Factors controlling variations of naturally spawning fall chinook salmon in the Upper Columbia River. Master's thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.

Oreskes, N., K. Shrader-Frechette, and K. Belitz. 1994. Verification, validation and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science Feb., 641-646.

Press, W.H., S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, and B.P. Flannery. 1992. Numerical Recipes in C. 2d ed. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Spain, G. 1994. Federal mismanagement at heart of salmon decline. Seattle Times, 14 July 1994. (Glen Spain is the Northwest Regional director of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations, an organization of commercial fisherman on the West Coast.)

CRiSP1.6 Theory & Calibration Manual: VI.2 - By Subject