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The FLOW menu controls input of flows to the river system at headwaters, removal of water for irrigation, and changes in both the reservoir and river segment elevation levels. The computation of flow in any river segment depends on the way CRiSP.1 is run.
In the Scenario Mode, flows in all river segments are determined from the flows generated in headwaters and flow inputs and losses in each river segment from irrigation.
In the Monte Carlo Mode, flows are specified at the dams from flow archive files created by hydroregulation models. The submenus under the FLOW menu are used to set headwater flows (Fig. 31).
Dams: Flow at Dams
Flow at dams given in kcfs for each day can be viewed but not changed using the Julian Day Output Tool.
Headwaters: Flow at Headwaters
The headwater flows are specified on a daily basis. These are combined at confluences to produce flows through all segments of the river system. The mode used to run CRiSP.1 determines how headwater flow is created.
- In Scenario Mode, flows at individual headwaters can be set with the Julian Day Input Tool (Fig. 31).
- In Scenario Mode, flow can be randomly set using the headwater modulation function (Fig. 31). The slider for portion of mean flow 1 sets the total available water as the fraction of an average water year. The average water year, where portion of the mean flow = 1, is the total runoff as determined from flows over the 1980's.
- In the Monte Carlo Mode headwater flows are calculated from flows at the dams as input by the Flow Archive file.
Unreg Max: Unregulated Flow Maximum
The unreg max window found on the headwater flows submenu is used to allocate flows to unregulated headwaters in the Monte Carlo analysis. This is a 100-year flow used to determine how flow is distributed among unregulated headwaters in the Monte Carlo Mode. It is not used as a limit and will be automatically reset to the maximum flow placed, if greater than the initial value assigned. Default values are determined by relative cross-sectional areas of the streams.
Loss: Flow Loss
Flow loss in each segment is the loss of flow due to withdrawal on a daily basis (kcfs) or a groundwater input on a daily basis.
Elevation: Reservoir Elevation
Elevations of river segments or reservoirs (excluding storage reservoirs) can be controlled on a daily basis. Drawdown alternatives require this information.
- In the columbia.desc file, full pool reservoir elevations are defined using forebay_elevation and tailrace_elevation. Reservoir elevations may be computed from volume and surface area if no other information is present. They may also be input directly as average depth using the depth token.
- Elevation changes at full pool are designated zero feet with drawdowns below full pool measured in negative feet.
- Effective predator density can increase as the reservoir elevation (and volume) is lowered. Selecting the predator density/volume interaction under the Runtime Settings causes predator density to increase with elevation lowering. This increase may counteract the benefits of faster migration velocity and may result in no change in smolt survival.
- In Scenario Mode, the Julian Day Input Tool is used to control the reservoir elevation.
- In Monte Carlo Mode the reservoir elevation is input from the flow archive file if it contains reservoir elevation, otherwise, it is taken from the base.dat file.
Reservoirs: Storage Reservoir Inputs
Flows from storage reservoirs such as Dworshak and Brownlee are controlled through this tool in the Scenario Mode. Flow out of storage reservoirs is set by specifying either daily outflow (in kcfs), or daily volume of the storage reservoir in kilo-acre feet (kaf). Three Julian Day Input Tools interact (Fig. 32):
- Unregulated flow input to the storage reservoir (kcfs), which is accessed through the headwaters submenu
- Storage reservoir outflow (kcfs)
- Storage reservoir volume (kaf).
These three variables are constrained as follows:
- With full reservoir, outflow equals inflow
- With an empty reservoir1, output is less than or equal to input flow.
Adjusting storage reservoir flows is an interactive process. Adjusting the outflow with the mouse buttons updates the storage volume after releasing the mouse. Flow and volume are modified according to the above constraints given by the input flow. Adjusting volume with the mouse buttons updates the outflow after releasing the mouse. Outflow and volume are modified according to the above constraints given the input flow. To update the effect of a new input flow on storage reservoir volume, run the Scenario Mode of CRiSP.1. The three windows: Flow Input, Storage Reservoir Outflow, and Volume, will be updated according to the constraints.
When CRiSP.1 is run in Scenario Mode, the effects of new inflow can be seen in the Flow Input window and Storage Reservoir and Volume window within the constraints described above. As a convenience to the user, when either the outflow or the volume are adjusted with the mouse buttons, both of these windows are updated immediately when the mouse button is released.
Headwater Modulation: Headwater Flow
Flows from headwaters can be set by modulators in the Scenario Mode. The tool allows the user to specify overall water availability in the system relative to an average water year. Selecting the water year level as a portion of the mean flow and computing flows puts modulated flows into all the headwaters.
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1 Minimum reservoir volume.
Columbia River Salmon Passage Model CRiSP.1.5 User Manual
Copyright © 1996, Columbia Basin Research. All rights reserved.
web@cbr.washington.edu
