| Null Model | "Space" Model |
|---|---|
| The same parameter for all populations and periods | Unique parameters for each population, shared parameters across periods |
|
|
| "Time" Model | "Space/Time" Model |
|---|---|
| Unique parameters for each period, shared parameters across all populations | Unique parameters for each population a nd period |
 |
 |
| First 4 populations: Unique parameter for
each period and population; Last 5 populations: Unique parameters across populations, shared parameters across periods. |
 |